你现在的位置：上海市2013年4月第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷
高三年级英语学科 2014.4
第 I 卷
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Visit the woman. B. Go to an interview.
C. Attend a lecture. D. Work in the office.
2. A. At a post office. B. At a fast-food restaurant.
C. At a booking office. D. At a check-in desk.
3. A. One hour later. B. Thirty minutes later.
C. Twenty minutes later. D. Around ten minutes.
4. A. $8. B. $12. C. $16. D. $20.
5. A. There is something wrong with the yoga class.
B. John and Tom are good friends.
C. Tom has attended a yoga class.
D. The woman may have dialed a wrong number.
6. A. What to take up as a hobby. B. How to keep fit.
C. How to handle pressure. D. What to play with.
7. A. Classmates. B. Lecturers. C. Strangers. D. Relatives.
8. A. He has made a careful plan of writing it. B. He hasn’t got a whole picture of it.
C. He has quit writing it. D. He is seeking for a publisher now.
9. A. A head waiter. B. A shop assistant. C. A customer. D. A receptionist.
10. A. He’s not surprised at the woman’s playing at a concert tomorrow.
B. He won’t give the woman a surprise at the concert tomorrow.
C. He will also play at the concert tomorrow with the woman.
D. He understands the woman’s nervous feeling and thinks it normal.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. In small cups. B. In a boat on a river.
C. At the bottom of a river. D. On food stored in the ground.
12. A. It came from a river. B. It was extremely pure.
C. It was found in large quantities. D. It was dug up from a deep mine.
13. A. An early means of travel on rivers. B. An ancient method of fishing in rivers.
C. An important discovery at a village. D. The way of trading foods in old times.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. She enjoyed removing others’ drinks. B. She became more and more forgetful.
C. She preferred to do everything by herself. D. She wanted to keep her house in good order.
15. A. She is happy to clean windows. B. She loves to clean used windows.
C. She is fond of clean used windows. D. She likes clean windows as my mother did.
16. A. My mother often made us confused.
B. My family members had a poor memory.
C. My mother helped us to form a good habit
D. My wife was surprised when she visited my mother.
Section C
Directions: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be
read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks
with the information you hear.
Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
The man’s interview | |
The time for the interview | At 17 in the morning. |
Position applied for | 18 |
His worries | He thinks he lacks 19 and he is poor at languages. |
Languages capable of use | 20 and French. |
Complete the form. Write ONE WORD OR NUMBER for each answer.
Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.
How long will the conference last? | It will last for 21 . |
What is between the conference rooms? | There are 22 between them. |
Why does the woman need smaller conference rooms? | For 23 . |
What do we learn about the conference centre? | The conference centre is made up of the main conference hall, smaller conference rooms, and a(n) 24 . |
Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
The California state assembly recently approved the so-called Paris Hilton bill, which prevents dogs 25______ occupying the driver’s seat in a moving vehicle. The bill passed 26______ Democrats wanted to make an example of Miss Hilton. They think she is a “little rich girl” who always gets her way; plus, her daddy is a big contributor to the Republican Party. “The judge 27______ have put her in jail for four months,” said one Democrat when Paris got only a four-day jail sentence for driving while drunk.
28______ (drive) around town with her little dog Lovey hanging out the driver‘s window, Paris is a familiar sight throughout Los Angeles. Pictures of her and Lovey are common in newspapers and magazines.
“That dog is a deadly threat to everyone on the streets and the sidewalks,” said assembly leader Fabian Nunez. “We wrote this bill to protect the public. There’s no telling 29______ the dog might cause her to drive into a crowd of pedestrians. 30______ Paris wants to be with her dog, let her chauffeur do the driving. The state assembly is responsible for protecting people, and we take that responsibility seriously.”
The assembly bill passed by a vote of 44 to 11. The state senate(参议院) 31______(expect) to approve the bill, and Governor Schwarzenegger has promised to sign it. “I love dogs,” he said, “but when it comes to 32______ (protect) the people of California, dogs will have to take a back seat.”
The eleven assembly members who objected to the bill were all Republicans. “While Californians,” said Republican Tom Ridge, “are being attacked daily by murderers, rapists, and muggers, who do the Democrats protect citizens from—a 33______ (spoil) little girl and her dog!”
(B)
He almost killed somebody, but one minute changed his life. This beautiful story comes from Sherman Rogers’ book, Foremen: Leaders or Drivers? .
In his true-life story, Rogers illustrates the importance of effective relationships. During his college years, Rogers spent 34______ summer in an Idaho(爱达荷州) logging camp. When the superintendent had to leave for a few days, he put Rogers in charge.
“35______ if the men refuse to follow my orders?” Rogers asked. He thought of Tony, an immigrant worker who roared all day, giving the other men a hard time.
“Fire them,” the superintendent said. Then, as if 36______ (read) Roger’s mind, he added, “I suppose you think you are going to fire Tony if you get the chance. I’d feel badly about that. I have been logging for 40 years. Tony is the most reliable worker I’ve ever had. I know he hates everybody and everything. But he comes in first and leaves last. There has not been an accident for eight years on the hill 37______ he works.”
Rogers took over the next day. He went to Tony and spoke to him.
“Tony, do you know I’m in charge here today?” Tony grunted（发哼声）. “I was going to fire you the first time we fought, but I want you to know I’m not,” he told Tony, adding what the superintendent 38______ (say).
When he finished, Tony dropped the shovelful of sand he had held and tears streamed down his face.
“Why he no tell me dat eight years ago?”
That day Tony worked harder than ever before --- and he smiled! He later said to Rogers, “My first foreman who ever say, ‘Good work, Tony’ and it made me feel like Christmas.”
Rogers went back to school after that summer. Twelve years later he met Tony again who was now superintendent for railroad construction for one of 39______ (large) logging companies in the West. Rogers asked him how he came to California and happened to have such success.
Tony replied, “If it not be for the one minute you talk to me back in Idaho, I keel somebody someday. One minute change my whole life.”
Effective managers know the importance of taking a moment to point out 40______ a worker is doing well. But what a difference a minute of affirmation can make in any relationship!
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. reassures | B. well | C. distinguish | D. encounter | E. objects | |
F. inoffensive | G. reveals | H. afterwards | I. implication | J. genuine | K. unpleasant |
Telling Tales
“Here’s a nice bit of gossip!” Do I have your attention? Probably. We listen, but 41______ we often feel terrible with ourselves. That’s the problem with gossip: it’s something that as a social species we are primed to enjoy, but it can also be 42______ and harmful.
Not all gossip is bad. Small talk establishes relationships and 43______ the other person that our intentions are friendly. So gossip, in the sense of exchanging bits and pieces of news about ourselves and others, can be perfectly 44______. If I say to you, “Let’s meet for coffee and have a bit of a gossip,” I’m inviting you to a social 45______ in which two people chew the fat. There is nothing wrong with that: life would be very dull if we were unable to talk about what goes on around us.
But it’s not that simple. If we say that somebody is a gossip, we do not mean that he or she enjoys gentle social chat: it carries a crueler 46______. A true gossip enjoys spreading stories about other people --- stories in which others do not usually come out 47______. The gossip is one who spreads bad gossip; good gossip is still fine, but it’s not what gossips spread. The distinction between good and bad gossip is not always clear. It would be easy if we could 48______ the two by saying that bad gossip is just about people; but innocent gossip may be about people too. The best way to tell the difference is to look at the intention behind the remarks. Bad gossip 49______ itself in its desire to make the 50______ of the story look foolish. It also intrudes on their privacy. So we all know the difference.
Now then, did you hear about ...
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
“What are you going to be when you grow up?” is a question that you may have been asked. You may not even know there are a variety of geography-related jobs.
The Association of American Geographers lists nearly 150 different geography jobs. So, if you are interested in people, places, and environments, consider a job in geography. Your work will not be limited to maps—it might range from 51 data to planning projects, or making decisions about the environment.
Processing Geographic Data
A geographer’s main activity is analyzing geographic information to answer geographic questions. Jobs processing geographic data begin, of course, with collecting the information. One on-the-ground job in data collection is that of a surveyor. Surveyors 52 and measure the land directly. They may mark boundaries, study the shape of the land, or even help find sewer(下水道) and water systems beneath the Earth. High-tech information-gathering jobs include working with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. Some examples of these jobs include remote sensing specialists and GIS analysts. Data analysis jobs require the ability to think 53 , high-level computer skills, and a college education.
Once data have been processed, a geographer may study the information to use in planning projects such as a new urban area, a(n) 54 evacuation(撤退) plan, or the placement of a new highway. Planners can also help determine how to make a neighborhood a better place to live. These jobs, too, require good critical thinking, writing, and computer skills, as well as a college education. Planners are 55 to the success of a community.
Advising Businesses and Government
About half of jobs using geography are in business and government. All kinds of businesses use geographic information to help build and 56 their operations. A location analyst studies an area to find the best location for a client. The client might be a large retail store chain that wants to know which location would be best for opening a new store. The location analyst can study GIS reports on such elements as transportation networks or population in an area and give the business owners the positive and 57 points about a location being considered.
In 1967, the Mexican government was looking for a location to create a new international tourist resort. They used location analysts to find an area that had good beaches and was easy to reach from the United States. The 58 was Cancún, today one of the world’s most desirable vacation sites.
Businesses connected with natural 59 such as forests also rely on geographers. Geographers help them understand the relationship between their business and the environment where their business is located.
In 1967, Cancún was a small island on Mexico’s Caribbean coast. It had white sand beaches, many birds and mangrove(红树) trees, but few people. After it was selected as a resort site, it was quickly 60 . Today, Cancún has more than 100 hotels and 500,000 permanent residents. Many work in the tourist industry that serves the millions of visitors who come each year from all over the world.
Physical and Human Geography
Physical geographers are sometimes called earth scientists. Some study such topics as geomorphology (地形学), that is, the study of how the shape of the Earth 61 . Others study weather and climate. Still others study water, the oceans, soils, or ecology. Jobs in these fields require 62 scientific training.
Some geographers study economic, political, and 63 issues as they relate to place or region. Human geographers are usually hired by government agencies to analyze a specific problem. These geographers work 64 with political scientists, economists, and sociologists.
Together, they provide possible solutions to problems from many different aspects of life in an area. And, of course, geographers teach the subject at all levels of 65 , from elementary schools to universities. But no matter what geography jobs people might hold, they are always trying to answer the basic geographic questions: “Where are things located?” and “Why are they there?”
51. A. performing B. analyzing C. appreciating D. downloading
52. A. map B. mine C. shape D. honour
53. A. creatively B. critically C. wildly D. moderately
54. A. disaster B. radioactivity C. excursion D. vacation
55. A. qualified B. determined C. valuable D. feasible
56. A. survive B. expand C. manage D. boom
57. A. negative B. effective C. depressive D. profitable
58. A. scenery B. destination C. result D. foundation
59. A. potentials B. histories C. resources D. sciences
60. A. specialized B. polluted C. governed D. transformed
61. A. proceeds B. stretches C. extends D. changes
62. A. peculiar B. special C. reasonable D. enthusiastic
63. A. psychological B. contemporary C. religious D. social
64. A. closely B. peacefully C. loyally D. sensitively
65. A. demonstration B. revolution C. examination D. education
Section B
Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The Dangers of Dieting
Thanks to our modern lifestyle, with more and more time spent sitting down in front of computers than ever before, the number of overweight people is at a new high. As people crazily search for a solution to this problem, they often try some of the popular fad(时尚) diets being offered. Many people see fad diets as harmless ways of losing weight, and they are grateful to have them. Unfortunately, not only don’t fad diets usually do the trick, but they can actually be dangerous for your health.
Although permanent weight loss is the goal, few are able to achieve it. Experts estimate that 95 percent of dieters return to their starting weight, or even add weight. While the irresponsible or unwise use of fad diets can bring some initial results, long-term results are very rare.
Nonetheless, people who are bored with the difficulties of changing their eating habits often turn to fad diets. Rather than being moderate, fad diets involve extreme dietary changes. They advise eating only one type of food, or they prohibit other types of foods entirely. This results in a situation where a person’s body doesn’t get all the vitamins and other things that it needs to stay healthy.
One popular fad diet recommends eating lots of meat and animal products, while nearly eliminating carbohydrates（碳水化合物）. A scientific study from Britain found that this diet is very high in fat. According to the study, the increase of damaging fats in the blood can lead to heart disease and, in extreme cases, kidney failure. Furthermore, diets that are too low in carbohydrates can cause the body to use its own muscle for energy. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up, and the result is slower weight loss.
Veteran(老兵) dieters may well ask at this point, “What is the ideal diet?” Well, to some extent, it depends on the individual. A United States government agency has determined that to change your eating habits requires changing your psychology of eating, and everyone has a different psychology. That being said, the British study quoted above recommends a diet that is high in carbohydrates and high in fiber, with portions of fatty foods kept low. According to the study, such a diet is the best for people who want to stay healthy, lose weight, and keep that weight off. And, any dieting program is best undertaken with a doctor’s supervision.
66. After losing weight by dieting, what usually happens to people?
A. They have kidney failure.
B. They gain the weight back again.
C. They keep the weight off.
D. They have less muscle.
67. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in paragraph 3?
A. Bored people turn to fad diets, which, being too extreme, don’t give the body everything it needs.
B. People are bored with fad diets and turn to diets which provide what the body needs.
C. People prefer fad dieting to moderate dieting because it requires fewer foods to give the body what it needs.
D. Fad diets give boring people the moderate dietary changes they need to get all the required vitamins.
68. Which is not mentioned as an effect of the meat and animal product diet?
A. Heart disease. B. Slower weight loss.
C. Psychological changes. D. Kidney failure.
69. According to the passage, why does the ideal diet depend on the individual?
A. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up.
B. Everyone can gain the weight back.
C. Everyone has a different psychology.
D. Everyone likes different foods.
(B)
Charlie Bell became chief executive of McDonald’s in April. Within a month doctors told him that he had colorectal cancer. After stock market hours on November 22nd, the fast-food firm said he had resigned; it would need a third boss in under a year. Yet when the market opened, its share price barely dipped then edged higher. After all, McDonald’s had, again, shown how to act swiftly and decisively in appointing a new boss.
Mr. Bell himself got the top job when Jim Cantalupo died of a heart attack hours before he was due to address a convention of McDonald’s franchisees(获特许经营联营店者). Mr. Cantalupo was a McDonald’s veteran brought out of retirement in January 2003 to help remodel the firm after sales began falling because of dirty restaurants, indifferent service and growing concern about junk food. He devised a recovery plan, backed by massive marketing, and promoted Mr. Bell to chief operating officer. When Mr. Cantalupo died, a rapidly convened(召集) board confirmed Mr. Bell, a 44-year-old Australian already widely seen as his heir apparent, in the top job. The convention got its promised chief executive’s address, from the firm’s first non-American leader.
Yet within weeks executives had to think about what to do if Mr. Bell became too ill to continue. Perhaps Mr. Bell had the same thing on his mind: he usually introduced Jim Skinner, the 60-year-old vice-chairman, to visitors as the “steady hand at the wheel”. Now Mr. Skinner, an expert on the firm’s overseas operations, becomes chief executive, and Mike Roberts, head of its American operations, joins the board as chief operating officer.
Is Mr. Roberts now the new heir apparent? Maybe. McDonald’s has brought in supposedly healthier choices such as salads and toasted sandwiches worldwide and, instead of relying for most of its growth on opening new restaurants, has turned to upgrading its 31,000 existing ones. America has done best at this; under Mr. Roberts, like-for-like sales there were up by 7. 5% in October on a year earlier.
The new team’s task is to keep the revitalization plan on course, especially overseas, where some American brands are said to face political hostility from consumers. This is a big challenge. Is an in-house succession(交替、继承) the best way to tackle it? Mr. Skinner and Mr. Roberts are both company veterans, having joined in the 1970s. Some recent academic studies find that the planned succession of a new boss from within, such as Mr. Bell and now (arguably) Mr. Roberts, produces better results than looking hastily, or outside, for one. McDonald’s smooth handling of its serial misfortunes at the top certainly seems to prove the point. Even so, everyone at McDonald’s must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency.
70. The main reason for the constant change at the top of McDonald is _______.
A. the constant change of its share price
B. the board’s failure to reach an agreement
C. the falling sales
D. the physical problems of the chief executives
71. The underlined phrase “heir apparent” (in Paragraph 2) in the article most probably means someone who _______.
A. has the same ideas, aims and style with a person
B. has the same right to receive the family title
C. is appointed as an executive of a company
D. is likely to take over a person’s position when that person leaves
72. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the falling sales of McDonald?
A. The change of the chief executive.
B. People’s concern about junk food.
C. Dirty restaurant.
D. Indifferent service.
73. In terms of succession at the top, McDonald_______.
A. has had to made rather hasty decisions
B. prefers to appoint a new boss from within
C. acts in a quick and unreasonable way
D. surprises all the people with its decisions
(C)
It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb “to think”. Indeed, some writers have identified thinking with using words: Plato coined the saying, “In think ing the soul is talking to itself”; J. B. Watson reduced thinking to inhibited(拘谨的) speech located in the minute(微小的) movements or tensions of the physiological mechanisms involved in speaking; and although Ryle is careful to point out that there are many senses in which a person is said to think and in which words are not in evidence, he has also said that say ing something in a specific frame of mind is thinking a thought.
Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon, language habits? It would seem that many thinking situations are hardly distinguishable from the skillful use of language, although there are some others in which language is not involved. Thought cannot be simply identified with using language. It may be the case, of course, that the non-linguistic skills involved in thought can only be acquired and developed if the learner is able to use and understand language. However, this question is one which we cannot hope to answer in this book. Obviously being able to use language makes for a considerable development in all one’s capacities but how precisely this comes about we cannot say.
At the common-sense level it appears that there is often a distinction between thought and the words we employ to communicate with other people. We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what our thinking has already grasped, and when we do find words we sometimes feel that they fail to do their job properly. Again when we report or describe our thinking to other people we do not merely report unspoken words and sentences. Such sentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they are merged with vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal（潜意识） activities going on just out of rage. Thinking, as it happens, is more like struggling, striving, or searching for something than it is like talking or reading.
Again the study of speech disorders due to brain injury disease suggests that patients can think without having adequate control over their language. Some patients, for example, fail to find the names of objects presented to them and are unable to describe simple events which they witness; they even find it difficult to interpret long written notices. But they succeed in playing games of chess or draughts. They can use the concepts needed for chess playing or draught playing but are unable to use many of the concepts in ordinary language. How they manage to do this we do not know. Presumably human beings have various capacities for thinking situations which are likewise independent of language.
74. According to the theory of 'thought' devised by J. B. Watson, thinking is_______.
A. talking to the soul
B. concealed speech
C. speaking nonverbally
D. a non-linguistic behavior
75. What does the author think about the relationship between language and thinking?
A. The ability to use language enhances one’s capacity of thinking.
B. Words and thinking match more often than not.
C. Thinking never goes without language.
D. Language and thinking are generally distinguishable.
76. According to the author, when we intend to describe our thoughts, we______.
A. merely report internal speech
B. have to search for proper words in the way we read
C. are overwhelmed with vague imagery
D. sometimes are not able to find appropriate words
77. Why are patients with speech disorders able to think without having adequate control of language?
A. They use different concepts.
B. They do not think linguistically.
C. It still remains an unsolved mystery.
D. Thinking is independent of language.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Space Travel and Science Fiction
Space travel and science fiction have long been connected. Early science fiction writers such as Jules Verne inspired scientists and engineers to develop new space technologies. Writers of science fiction, as well as creators of science fiction TV shows and movies, often study the latest scientific concepts and use or adapt them to help expose what future space travel, space ships, and space stations might look like. And while many of their predictions have come true, many others have not.
Jules Verne (1828-1905) was a French author. He was a pioneer of science fiction. In his novels From the Earth to the Moon (1865) and Around the Moon (1870), a kind of space ship is fired from a 900-foot-long cannon(大炮) at the moon. On their journey, the three travelers are deprived of gravity at one point and float around their small ship. When landing on the moon, rockets are used to slow the ship down.
Given the year in which he was writing, Verne’s predictions were very good. The size of his space ship is about the size of the first one to go to the moon, the Apollo, minus its large rockets. Both Verne’s ship and the Apollo carried three people into space. Furthermore, rockets were indeed used by the Apollo to slow its descent. However, Verne’s ship, by analogy(相似) with a gun, shot his travelers into space, which never could have worked. The intense pressure of such an event would cause great physiological damage to the crew.
During the first half of the 20th century, science fiction novels and comic books were widely distributed in the United States. Their portrayal(描写) of space travel was less far-fetched than Verne’s. Pictures began showing astronauts in space suits, as writers realized that exposure of human beings to space was deadly. Ideas of other planets were still often wrong, though. A 1928 drawing of the surface of a moon of the planet Jupiter shows it covered in plant life. Only later was it discovered that other than Earth, the planets and moons around our sun are without life as we know it. Drawings in the early 20th century showed very large space ships and stations. They were like floating cities. Writers at the time knew that trips to other stars would take hundreds of years. Those who left Earth would die on the journey; their descendants would arrive. Some writers avoided this problem by using the concept of suspended animation—a deep sleep in which a person doesn‘t grow older. Such travelers would awaken at the end of their journey, hundreds of years in the future. It is not impossible that these ideas could become reality one day.
After the American space program had begun, the television show Star Trek became very popular. It follows the adventures of a large space ship with over 400 crew members that flies around the universe at speeds faster than light. This is a wonderful dream, but it will probably never come to fulfillment. The laws of physics tell us that it is quite impossible for any object to travel faster than the speed of light.
It’s clear to see that science fiction has progressed along with science and technology. Science fiction writers continue to study scientific concepts and to use them to portray the future. Looking back at their ideas, some were correct and cannot be distinguished from today’s reality; many others were nothing but fiction. But, they have always inspired new generations of humans to dream of someday going into space.
78. According to the passage, what did early science fiction writers do to help reveal what future space travel might look like?
79. If the modern spaceship were shot into space by analogy with a gun, the astronauts in it would ___________________________.
80. The space travelers in early science fictions didn’t wear space suits, because ___________________________________________________.
81. According to the passage, suspended animation was a concept used in science fiction to _______________________________
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Twelve Words.)
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